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| Giller, Ken E.; Wageningen University; ken.giller@wur.nl; Leeuwis, Cees; Wageningen University; cees.leeuwis@wur.nl; Andersson, Jens A.; Wageningen University; University of the Witwatersrand; jens.andersson@wur.nl; Andriesse, Wim; Wageningen University;; Brouwer, Arie; Wageningen University;; Frost, Peter; University of Zimbabwe;; Hebinck, Paul; Wageningen University;; van Ittersum, Martin K.; Wageningen University;; Koning, Niek; ;; Ruben, Ruerd; ;; Slingerland, Maja; Wageningen University;; Udo, Henk; Wageningen University;; Veldkamp, Tom; Wageningen University; Tom.Veldkamp@wur.nl; van de Vijver, Claudius; Wageningen University;; van Wijk, Mark T.; Wageningen University;; Windmeijer, Pieter; Wageningen University;. |
| Competing claims on natural resources become increasingly acute, with the poor being most vulnerable to adverse outcomes of such competition. A major challenge for science and policy is to progress from facilitating univocal use to guiding stakeholders in dealing with potentially conflicting uses of natural resources. The development of novel, more equitable, management options that reduce rural poverty is key to achieving sustainable use of natural resources and the resolution of conflicts over them. Here, we describe an interdisciplinary and interactive approach for: (i) the understanding of competing claims and stakeholder objectives; (ii) the identification of alternative resource use options, and (iii) the scientific support to negotiation processes... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural science; Conflict; Ecology; Level; Methodology; Natural resource management; Scale; Social science; Sustainable agriculture. |
| Ano: 2008 |
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| Clarisse Hart; Jonathan Mejia; Nicholas J. Gotelli; Aaron M. Ellison. |
| Web-building spiders (e.g. _Frontinella communis_ and _Neriene radiata_) and northern pitcher plants (_Sarracenia purpurea_) are co-occurring sit-and-wait predators that may compete for shared arthropod prey. We evaluated prey availability and capture rates by web-weaving spiders and pitcher plants in a headwater stream box complex (Harvard Pond) in central Massachusetts. We established 40 plots with spider and pitcher plant removal treatments, and collected arthropod prey captured by open pitcher plants, pitfall traps, and sticky traps in those plots. 

The removal of web-building spiders significantly changed the distribution of prey captured by the pitcher plants (Chi-square test: P = 2.2 × 10-16 at Harvard... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3662/version/1 |
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| Santos,Sonia Barbosa dos; Monteiro,Daniele Pedrosa. |
| A survey of the Ilha Grande land snails was carried out in order to compare the diversity and similarity among two regions of secondary Atlantic Rain Forest. The diversity was estimated using the richness and the equitatibility; the alpha diversity was calculated using the Simpson index (γ). The Sörensen and Jaccard indexes were used to calculate the similarity. A quantitative survey of two 600 m² area, one in each studied region, recorded 336 individuals snails distributed in 23 species and 13 families. The region with more altered secondary forest showed higher richness (17) and diversity (γ = 3,6) than the region more preserved (richness = 14; γ = 2,78), but, the same equitatibility (0,20). The similarity was medium by Jaccard index (IJ = 0,52) and low... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Terrestrial gastropods; Diversity; Ecology; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752001000500014 |
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| Sousa,JRP de; Esposito,MC; Carvalho Filho,FS. |
| This study was carried out in the Base Operacional Geólogo Pedro de Moura (BOGPM) in the Urucu River Basin, Coari, state of Amazonas, Brazil, during April, June, and October 2007, in 16 areas, 4 in primary forests (environment MT) and 12 in gaps (environments C1, C2, and C3) at different stages of vegetation recovery, with different plant cover height. We collected 3,547 specimens of flesh flies. The 3,525 individuals identified to species level included 10 genera, 6 subgenera, and 23 species. Sarcodexia lambens (Wiedemann) (47.1%) and Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann) (19.1%) were the most abundant species. The abundance patterns and estimated richness differed between the environments, and were separated in two groups, one of the gaps (C1, C2, and... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Community; Ecology; Flesh fly; Anthropic impact. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2011000100003 |
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| Karen Luz-Burgoa; Suzana Moss de Oliveira; Jorge de Sá Martins. |
| Cichlid fishes are one of the best model system for the study of evolution of the species. Inspired by them, in this paper we simulated the splitting of a single species into two separate ones via random mutations, with both populations living together in sympatry, sharing the same habitat. We study the ecological, mating and genetic conditions needed to reproduce the polychromatism and polymorphism of three species of the Midas Cichlid species complex. Our results show two scenarios for the A. Citrinellus speciation process, one with and the other without disruptive natural selection. 
In the first scenario, the ecological and genetic conditions are sufficient to create two new species, while in the second the mating and genetic... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/798/version/1 |
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| Calado,Daniéla C.; Silva,Mário Antônio Navarro da. |
| Immature stages of Culicidae were collected in artificial containers in three conditions, between November 1997 and November 1998, in the rural area of São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Eight species were identified: Culex (Culex) eduardoi Casal & Garcia, 1968, Culex (Culex) acharistus Root, 1927, Culex (Culex) group coronator, Culex (Lutzia) bigoti Bellardi, 1962, Aedes (Protomacleaya) terrens (Walker, 1856), Limatus durhamii Theobald, 1901, Txorhynchites theobaldi (Dyar & Knab, 1906) and Phoniomyia sp. The Berger & Parker index was obtained for each condition and kind of container. These results were compared with those of Silva & Lozovei (1996) in the urban area of Curitiba. A greater number of species was observed in... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Culicidae; Artificial containers; Ecology. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752001000500003 |
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| Michael G. Ikonomou; Sierra Rayne; Norman F. Crewe. |
| Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were examined as a function of depth in killer whale (Orcinus orca) blubber samples. Lipid-normalized concentrations of PCBs, PCDD/Fs, and PBDEs did not display significant variation with depth in three distinct blubber layers (outer, central, and inner). Significantly more variation in contaminant concentrations were observed with depth on a wet weight basis for the killer whale sample. The current study indicates that non-invasive microdart biopsy sampling methods commonly used for monitoring contaminants in marine mammals yield representative details on contaminant burdens for chlorinated and... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth & Environment. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/638/version/1 |
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| Henry L. Niman; Bruce R. Boynton. |
| Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300, and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60%. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the current... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics & Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/459/version/2 |
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| Henry L. Niman; Bruce R. Boynton. |
| Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997 1,2. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300, and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60% 3. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases 4-7. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift 8. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics & Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/459/version/1 |
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| Chen Wang. |
| The climate change believed by anthropogenic emission is not isolated but tightly coupled with other issues including biodiversity loss and ocean acidification etc., and in order to prevent the potential serious impacts, both political and technological methods are being tried for greenhouse mitigation. Dimming the income sunlight by some “geoengineering” approaches currently seem ruinously expensive and technically difficult, and would not prevent the increase of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in atmosphere and ocean acidification, so capturing carbon to reduce the environmental concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and promoting renewable energy development for the reduction of using fossil fuels are very necessary. Biofuels derived from... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth & Environment. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5161/version/1 |
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| Olifiers,Natalie; Bianchi,Rita de C.; Mourão,Guilherme de M.; Gompper,Matthew E.. |
| The construction of arboreal nests is rare among mammals in the order Carnivora. However, coatis (Procyonidae: Nasua Storr, 1780) build arboreal nests that are used for resting or birthing. Here we describe Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766) nests located during a telemetry study of coatis in the Brazilian Pantanal. Coati nests were all "bird-like", that is, open nests having a semispherical shape. Nests were constructed of twigs, branches, and lianas sometimes interlaced with leaves. Nest volume was 30-50 cm³ and average nest height was approximately 9.5 m. Nests were found in open "cerrado" vegetation, along forest edges, or in interior "cordilheiras" forest. The reasons why coatis build such nests are unclear, but may relate to inter or intraspecific... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Mammals; Ecology; Neotropical. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702009000300023 |
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| Registros recuperados: 900 | |
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